Arbutin
Also known as: Alpha-Arbutin, Beta-Arbutin, Hydroquinone Glucoside, 4-Hydroxyphenyl Beta-D-Glucopyranoside
Plant-derived hydroquinone precursor that gradually converts to hydroquinone to reduce dark spots and even skin tone.
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Get the appWhat it does
Arbutin is metabolized by skin enzymes into hydroquinone, which inhibits tyrosinase—the enzyme responsible for melanin production. This mechanism gradually lightens hyperpigmentation, age spots, and melasma over weeks of consistent use. It offers a gentler, more stable alternative to direct hydroquinone application.
Benefits
- Reduces dark spots and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
- Gradually brightens uneven skin tone
- More stable and less irritating than free hydroquinone
- Suitable for extended use in many formulations
- Works synergistically with vitamin C and niacinamide
Who it suits
- Hyperpigmentation and melasma
- Post-inflammatory marks
- Uneven skin tone
- All skin types, especially sensitive
How to use
Apply 1–2% arbutin serums or creams once or twice daily after cleansing. Pair with daily SPF 30+, as brightening treatments can increase sun sensitivity.
Pairs well with
Vitamin C, Niacinamide, Azelaic acid, Glycolic acid
Be careful pairing with
none notable
Safety & cautions
Results appear gradually over 4–8 weeks; higher concentrations (>2%) don't necessarily improve efficacy. Some regions regulate concentration limits. Not suitable during pregnancy per precaution; discontinue if irritation occurs.
Educational information, not medical advice. Concentration and formulation change how an ingredient behaves.