Citric Acid
Also known as: Citric Acid, 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic Acid, Acidity Regulator
Weak organic acid that gently exfoliates and adjusts pH in skincare formulas.
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Get the appWhat it does
Citric acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that works through chemical exfoliation by dissolving bonds between dead skin cells, promoting skin renewal. It also functions as a pH buffer, regulating acidity levels in formulations to optimize stability and efficacy. At low concentrations, it acts primarily as a pH adjustment tool rather than an active exfoliant.
Benefits
- Gentle exfoliation promoting cell turnover and smoother texture
- pH stabilization enhancing formula effectiveness
- Brightening effect through improved skin renewal
- Antioxidant properties from natural citrus origin
- Supports skin barrier by maintaining optimal pH
Who it suits
- Normal to oily skin
- Dull or texture-prone skin
- Those tolerating gentle AHAs
- Combination skin
How to use
Use in leave-on products (toners, serums, treatments) at 1-3% concentration 2-3x weekly to start, building tolerance gradually. Follow with moisturizer and daily SPF.
Pairs well with
Niacinamide (soothing & barrier support), Hyaluronic acid (hydration during exfoliation), Vitamin C (enhanced brightening), Glycerin (humectant balance)
Be careful pairing with
Other AHAs/BHAs in high concentrations, Retinoids in same routine (stagger AM/PM)
Safety & cautions
Citric acid can cause irritation, redness, and photosensitivity in sensitizing concentrations; start with low percentages and patch test first. Sunscreen is essential when using. Those with very sensitive or compromised skin should use cautiously.
Educational information, not medical advice. Concentration and formulation change how an ingredient behaves.